Deep dive into AXI4's five independent channels - Read Address, Write Address, Write Data, Read Data, and Write Response. Master signal definitions, channel relationships, and implementation strategies.
ARADDR, ARLEN, ARSIZE, ARBURST, ARLOCK, ARCACHE, ARPROT, ARQOS, ARREGION, ARID, ARUSER signals.
AWADDR, AWLEN, AWSIZE, AWBURST, AWLOCK, AWCACHE, AWPROT, AWQOS, AWREGION, AWID, AWUSER signals.
WDATA, WSTRB, WLAST, WUSER signals for data transfer and byte lane control in write transactions.
RDATA, RRESP, RLAST, RID, RUSER signals for read data transfer and response indication.
BRESP, BID, BUSER signals for write transaction completion acknowledgment and status.
Independent VALID/READY handshaking, parallel channel operation, and decoupled data flow.
Burst type (FIXED/INCR/WRAP), size encoding, length calculation, and address alignment rules.
Data width configuration, byte lane mapping, endianness handling, and data alignment.
ARID/AWID/WID/RID/BID correlation, out-of-order completion, and ID width configuration.
ARPROT/AWPROT encoding, privilege level, security state, and instruction/data access types.
ARCACHE/AWCACHE encoding, cacheable, bufferable, read/write allocate policies.
ARQOS/AWQOS signaling, priority levels, traffic class identification, and QoS arbitration.
ARREGION/AWREGION encoding, memory region classification, and address space partitioning.
ARUSER/AWUSER/WUSER/RUSER/BUSER customization, vendor-specific extensions, and metadata.
ARLOCK/AWLOCK encoding, exclusive access, atomic operations, and locking protocols.
RRESP/BRESP values (OKAY, EXOKAY, SLVERR, DECERR), error handling, and status reporting.
Setup/hold requirements, clock relationships, timing constraints, and propagation delays.
Parameterizable signal widths, address bus sizing, data bus configuration, and ID width.
Master-to-slave connections, signal routing, fan-out considerations, and loading effects.
Per-channel FSM design, state transitions, handshaking logic, and flow control.
FIFO implementations, buffering strategies, backpressure handling, and flow control.
Multi-master arbitration, priority schemes, round-robin, and weighted fair queuing.
Protocol checkers, assertion monitoring, channel-specific verification, and compliance testing.
Performance tuning, bandwidth optimization, latency reduction, and channel utilization analysis.