DenseChip

Low Power / UPF · All levels

UPF Formal Checks: Design Space

Design Space for UPF Formal Checks.

Design space exploration

For UPF Formal Checks, policy choices trade leakage, wake latency, and robustness.

Option A — conservative

  • Conservative policy: helps predictable behavior

  • Risk: extra area/leakage

  • Validate with: first-silicon bring-up

Option B — balanced

  • Balanced policy: helps practical overhead

  • Risk: requires strong verification

  • Validate with: production targets

Option C — aggressive optimization

  • Aggressive optimization: helps power savings

  • Risk: transition fragility

  • Validate with: late optimization

Option D — architecture refactor

  • Architecture refactor: helps structural clarity

  • Risk: schedule risk

  • Validate with: chronic escapes

diagram
DESIGN SPACE — UPF Formal Checks
leakage <-> wake latency <-> robustness <-> schedule

Design pitfalls

  • Over-optimizing leakage without transition evidence

  • Policy changes without ownership signoff

Tradeoff curve

diagram
BEFORE / AFTER FIX — UPF Formal Checks

metric quality
  ^
  |                       o target region
  |                 o post-fix + regression
  |            o
  |      o failing baseline
  +----------------------------------------> iteration
      sequence audit   policy fix   full re-run

Low-power deep dive

Transition-centric verification closes LP risk better than active-mode-centric regressions.

Concept diagram

diagram
VERIFY LOOP

transition matrix -> simulation + formal -> coverage -> closure

Metric graph

diagram
COVERAGE CLOSURE

state transitions covered   ███████████
isolation activation        █████████
retention restore paths     ████████

Reports and artifacts

  • state coverage

  • formal LP properties

  • isolation coverage

  • LP bug triage dashboard

Mini case study

Coverage looked high, but one untested OFF->RUN transition hid a restore race.

Debug branches

  • Rank by transition criticality

  • Correlate PMU logs with failures

  • Escalate unproven properties

Senior review question

Ask: what transition evidence proves this topic is closed, and which owner signs it?

Key takeaways

  • State transition context must accompany every low-power metric claim.

  • Intent changes require simulation, formal, and implementation re-validation.

Common pitfalls

  • Comparing results from mismatched UPF revisions.

  • Assuming static checks replace transition validation.

  • Shipping with aged waivers and unclear ownership.

Execution drill pack 1

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 1

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 2

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 2

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 3

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 3

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 4

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 4

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 5

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 5

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 6

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 6

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 7

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 7

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 8

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 8

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 9

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 9

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 10

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 10

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 11

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 11

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 12

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 12

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Execution drill pack 13

Use this pack to rehearse low-power closure on low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space: transition framing, policy ownership, implementation evidence, and release confidence.

Transition checklist

  • State transition explicitly named with legal source/target states.

  • Crossing and domain ownership are mapped and agreed.

  • Policy controls are traced to always-on source logic.

  • Waveform bookmarks align controls with state timestamps.

Review prompts

  1. Which policy object is first to deviate from intent?

  2. Which owner can apply the smallest reversible fix?

  3. What regression matrix proves no collateral damage?

  4. Which waiver conditions would still block release?

Evidence capsule

diagram
LP EVIDENCE CAPSULE 13

PATH: low-power/low-power-verification/upf-formal-checks/design-space
STATE WINDOW: <from -> to>
POLICY OBJECT: <isolation / retention / shifter / switch>
OWNER: <name>
PRIMARY ARTIFACT: <report/waveform/formal result>
RELEASE DECISION: <close / bounded waiver / escalate>

Principal LP review addendum

Formal engines validate low-power connectivity and control correctness exhaustively for classes of bugs difficult to hit in simulation.

Metric: formal LP property pass rate, unreachable isolation condition count, and retention proof completeness

Practice this lesson