CDC / RDC · All levels

Handshake Protocols Across Domains: Comparison Matrix

Comparison Matrix for Handshake Protocols Across Domains.

Comparison matrix

FIFO, handshake, and pulse strategies trade throughput and complexity.

diagram
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Approach         | Strength       | Weakness       | Best when      |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| Conservative     | safe           | extra latency  | high-risk crossings |
| Balanced         | practical      | more setup     | most production paths |
| Aggressive       | fast schedule  | escape risk    | late-stage crunch |
| Refactor         | structural gain | long cycle     | recurring failures |
+------------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+

When to choose each approach

  • Select approach by silicon risk, not only schedule urgency

Interview traps

  • Global waiver spray

  • Unproven protocol assumptions

Evidence comparison

diagram
CDC/RDC EVIDENCE MATRIX — Handshake Protocols Across Domains

+-----------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------------+
| Evidence              | Tells you                  | Does not prove             | Next action               |
+-----------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------------+
| structural report     | crossing topology class    | protocol liveness          | add assertions/formal     |
| reset map             | release dependencies       | dynamic startup behavior   | run reset stress tests    |
| formal proof          | bounded safety/liveness    | real firmware sequence     | correlate with simulation |
| simulation stress     | observed mode behavior     | full state-space closure   | target unhit corners      |
| waiver log            | accepted residual risk     | technical correctness      | periodic revalidation     |
+-----------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+---------------------------+

CDC/RDC deep dive

Protocol correctness is the bridge between structural clean and functional safe.

Concept diagram

diagram
PROTOCOL FLOW

intent -> transport protocol -> synchronization -> destination acceptance

Metric graph

diagram
PROTOCOL ISSUE BURNDOWN

open issues: 20 -> 11 -> 5 -> 0

Reports and artifacts

  • FIFO pointer proofs

  • req/ack liveness

  • pulse miss checks

  • protocol assertions

Mini case study

Async FIFO empty/full logic looked correct until gray decode mismatch appeared during reset overlap.

Debug branches

  • Pointer sync audit

  • formal liveness checks

  • reset interaction review

Senior review question

Ask: what evidence proves this risk is closed for silicon, not just tool-clean?

Key takeaways

  • State crossing class, assumptions, and owner with every issue.

  • Run structural and dynamic regressions after each fix.

Common pitfalls

  • Treating all warnings as equivalent risk.

  • Waiving issues without containment evidence.

  • Skipping reset and reconvergence stress after CDC fixes.

Principal CDC/RDC review addendum

Two-way handshakes guarantee delivery across asynchronous clocks when both request and acknowledge paths are synchronized and protocol invariants are enforced.

Metric: req/ack completion reliability, deadlock risk, backpressure behavior