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Course contents

  • How to Use This Course
  • Reading Path
  • CDC/RDC Glossary
  • CDC/RDC Metrics Reference
  • CDC/RDC Interview Prep
  • CDC/RDC Signoff Cheatsheet
  • Clock Domains and Failure Modes8
  • Metastability and Synchronizers16
  • CDC Protocols and Handshakes16
  • Reconvergence and Gray Coding16
    • Gray Code Crossing
    • Reconvergence Analysis
      • What Is Reconvergence
      • How It Arises
      • Why Tools Flag It
      • Removing Reconvergence
    • Multi-bit Crossing Strategies
    • Reconvergence Debug
  • Reset Domain Crossing16
  • Architecture and Design Rules16
  • CDC Signoff Methodology24
  • RDC Signoff16
  • Debug and Case Studies11
  • CDC and RDC Interview Prep30
  • Capstone: Sign Off a Multi-clock Peripheral4
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‹Reconvergence Analysis
  1. Topics
  2. CDC & RDC
  3. Reconvergence and Gray Coding
  4. Reconvergence Analysis
  5. Why Tools Flag It

Part 4 · Reconvergence and Gray Coding · All levels

Why Tools Flag It

What a structural analysis generally does at a convergence point, and why the finding is a design question.

On this page

    Reconvergence findings survive every round of waiver cleanup, which tempts teams to treat them as tool noise. They are the opposite: a structural analysis cannot see intent, so when it reports that two synchronised signals meet, it is asking the one question only the designer can answer — is every combination the skew window can produce acceptable?

    What a structural analysis generally does

    1. It identifies every synchroniser and the source-domain signal feeding it.

    2. It traces each synchronised output forward through destination logic to the first gate where two such traces meet: the convergence point.

    3. It reports the meeting point with the two source signals, the two path depths, and the skew between the arrivals.

    4. It does not decide correctness. Same-cycle arrival is a timing property of a particular build, and the analysis reports the structure that makes the outcome timing-dependent.

    Answering the finding

    Reviewer question

    Acceptable answer

    Not an answer

    Which combinations can the skew window show?

    An enumeration from the source protocol, showing each reachable mixture is benign

    “The synchronisers are clean”

    Is the meeting logic insensitive to the order?

    A reason the gate output is the same for every arrival order

    “It is only one cycle”

    Does the protocol prevent the mixture?

    Mutual exclusion or sequencing proven in the source domain

    “Simulation never hit it”

    A waiver on a reconvergence finding therefore needs design evidence: the protocol argument, the insensitivity proof, or the pointer to the fix. A clean simulation log alone does not answer a structural question, because simulation exercises one alignment while silicon explores them all.

    Common pitfall

    “It is only one cycle” is the most expensive sentence in CDC review. A one-cycle inconsistent combination on a write strobe, a mode select, or a FIFO control corrupts state that persists long after the cycle ends. Judge by what consumes the combination, not by how long it lasts.

    Check yourself A report flags two synchronised enables meeting at an OR gate. The designer answers that both synchronisers are two-flop and clean. What is missing?

    The timing question: whether the OR output differs between arrival orders. Clean synchronisers promise settled bits, not same-cycle arrival, so the finding stands until the designer shows the OR output is correct for every mixture the skew window allows.

    Related topics

    • How it arises

    • Next: removing reconvergence

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    See also

    • What Is Reconvergence