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Course contents

  • How to Use This Course
  • PD Flow Overview — RTL to GDSII
  • Data & Libraries — What PD Receives
  • Data and Libraries49
  • Floorplanning Expanded65
  • Power Planning57
  • Placement65
  • Clock Tree Synthesis57
  • Routing65
  • Timing Closure81
    • SDC for Implementation
    • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook
      • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Mechanism
      • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Inputs & Outputs
      • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Reports & Metrics
      • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Debug Playbook
      • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Worked Example
      • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Pitfalls & Red Flags
      • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Interview Drills
      • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Review Checklist
    • MCMM Signoff Strategy
    • ECO Timing Fixes
    • Path Group Prioritization
    • Generated Clocks and Clock Groups
    • IO Timing and Block Boundaries
    • Useful Skew in Timing Closure
    • Post-Route Extraction and SPEF
    • Timing Signoff Dashboard
    • Timing Closure Tricky Q&A
  • Signal Integrity and Variation41
  • Power Signoff57
  • Physical Verification65
  • Physical Design Integration49
  • Signoff and Tapeout49
  • PD Interview Prep5
  • PD Closure Cheat Sheet
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‹Setup/Hold Closure Playbook
  1. Topics
  2. Physical Design
  3. Timing Closure
  4. Setup/Hold Closure Playbook
  5. Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Mechanism

Physical Design · All levels

Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Mechanism

Mechanism for Setup/Hold Closure Playbook (Timing Closure).

On this page

    Physical and tool mechanism

    How Setup/Hold Closure Playbook affects closure in Timing Closure.

    Mechanism to narrate

    • Setup and hold have different corners, but fixes share physical context

    • Cell-delay-dominant and net-delay-dominant paths need different remedies

    • Cluster-first closure beats single-path whack-a-mole

    Reference workflow

    Diagram
    1. Identify where Setup/Hold Closure Playbook sits in the PD flow
    2. Name inputs consumed and outputs produced
    3. State the metric that proves success or failure
    4. Link to the next downstream stage that depends on this step

    Key takeaways

    • Narrate Setup/Hold Closure Playbook using metrics, not tool commands alone.

    10+ year engineer lens

    A senior engineer does not describe Setup/Hold Closure Playbook as a tool step. They explain what physical assumption changed, which report becomes trustworthy after that change, and which downstream owner can now make a decision.

    Boundary conditions to state

    • Which stage of the database is valid: pre-CTS, post-CTS, post-route, post-fill, or final signoff.

    • Which approximation is still present: estimated RC, ideal clock, abstracted macro, vectorless power, or waived PV rule.

    • Which downstream result depends on this mechanism: ECO timing fixes.

    What top-company reviewers expect

    • You can point to report_timing (worst path clusters) + WNS/TNS trend before proposing a fix.

    • You can separate a local symptom from a systematic methodology issue.

    • You can explain why the fix is reversible, bounded, and cheaper than the alternatives.

    Deep dive: how this shows up in real closure

    Timing closure is a signoff matrix problem, not a single worst-path problem.

    Reports and artifacts to inspect

    • report_timing -max and -min with corner, mode, SI, and OCV enabled

    • path group WNS/TNS: which clock domain is actually blocking signoff

    • net delay percentage vs cell delay percentage

    • exception audit: false paths, multicycle paths, generated clocks

    Mini case study

    A -90 ps setup path has 75% net delay and crosses a macro channel. Sizing the launch flop is weak. The stronger response is to layer-promote or shorten the route, then re-run hold at the fast corner.

    Debug branches

    • If net delay dominates, look for physical fixes before cell sizing.

    • If cell delay dominates, consider VT swap, sizing, or RTL micro-architecture.

    • If only one mode fails, inspect mode-specific SDC overlays and case analysis.

    Senior review question

    Ask yourself: what single report line would prove this page's concept is either passing or failing?

    What changes at 10+ years

    • You are expected to predict what your fix can break before running it.

    • You should recognize when the issue is methodology, not one block's implementation.

    • You should communicate risk in tapeout language: owner, evidence, impact, mitigation, and decision date.

    Principal-level review bar

    Deep subpage pages in this course should be read like real closure review material. For a 10+ year PD engineer, the bar is not remembering terminology; it is making a release-quality decision under ambiguity.

    What excellent looks like

    • Names the failing metric, corner/mode, database tag, and analysis switches before proposing a fix.

    • Separates data, constraint, physical, tool, and methodology root causes instead of treating all failures as optimization problems.

    • Chooses experiments by information gain and reversibility, not by habit.

    • States regression blast radius across timing, route, power, PV, DFT, package, and tapeout manifest.

    • Turns recurring failures into methodology guardrails, dashboards, or checklist items.

    Closure note template

    Diagram
    STAFF / PRINCIPAL CLOSURE NOTE
    
    Context:
      stage: <pre-CTS | post-CTS | post-route | post-fill | signoff>
      tag: <database / netlist / SDC / library stack>
      failing metric: <exact report line>
      affected scope: <block / hierarchy / path group / power domain / region>
    
    Hypotheses:
      H1: <most likely physical or constraint mechanism>
      H2: <competing explanation>
      H3: <methodology or input-data issue>
    
    Decision:
      next experiment: <cheap check that can falsify H1>
      fix candidate: <minimal reversible change>
      rollback trigger: <metric that says the fix is wrong>
      regression set: <timing / route / power / PV / DFT / package>
      escalation owner: <team or reviewer>

    Tradeoffs a senior engineer must discuss

    Technical tradeoff

    Timing closure is a signoff matrix problem, not a single worst-path problem. Explain not only the preferred fix, but what margin or schedule you are spending to get it.

    Cross-team tradeoff

    • What must RTL, synthesis, CAD, STA, DFT, package, IP, or foundry agree to before this decision is final?

    • Which artifact becomes the source of truth after the decision: report, waiver, manifest, ECO script, or methodology deck?

    • What is the cost of being wrong: one rerun, ECO churn, mask risk, performance loss, or silicon escape?

    Leadership communication

    Diagram
    "The current blocker is <metric> in <corner/mode/stage>. The leading cause is <mechanism>. I recommend <fix> because it is bounded and reversible. The regression surface is <domains>. If it fails, we escalate to <owner> with <evidence>."

    Key takeaways

    • Always connect the concept back to a measurable signoff artifact.

    • A fix is not complete until you can name the regression checks.

    Common pitfalls

    • Optimizing by habit instead of reading the current report.

    • Forgetting that a local fix can regress timing, routing, power, or PV elsewhere.

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    See also

    • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Inputs & Outputs
    • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Reports & Metrics
    • Setup/Hold Closure Playbook — Debug Playbook