STA Mastery · All levels

Delay Graph & Path Analysis: Tricky Q&A

Senior interview and review questions for Delay Graph & Path Analysis.

Section Q&A bank

Use these drills after completing all topics in Delay Graph & Path Analysis. Answer with corner/mode/view, path group, metric, artifact, ECO, and regression.

WNS vs TNS?

diagram
[INT][STA][DELAY-GRAPH-ANALYSIS]

Q: WNS vs TNS?

A:
WNS is worst slack on any single path; TNS sums negative slack over failing endpoints.

FOLLOW-UP TRAP: Reporting only average slack.

How do you split cell vs net delay?

diagram
[INT][STA][DELAY-GRAPH-ANALYSIS]

Q: How do you split cell vs net delay?

A:
report_timing with net and cell incrementals; net-heavy paths need PD, cell-heavy need sizing/VT.

FOLLOW-UP TRAP: Upsizing without reading breakdown.

What are reg2reg paths?

diagram
[INT][STA][DELAY-GRAPH-ANALYSIS]

Q: What are reg2reg paths?

A:
Flop-to-flop paths — usually the primary closure target for core frequency.

FOLLOW-UP TRAP: Optimizing IO only while reg2reg fails.

Q&A drill guide

diagram
CONSTRAINT -> VIEW -> PATH -> METRIC -> ECO -> REGRESSION

Sketch while answering

diagram
TIMING GRAPH

FF --cell-- logic --net-- logic --cell-- FF
launch                              capture

Key takeaways

  • State corner, mode, view, and database tag with every slack claim.

  • Run setup and hold plus MMMC regression after every ECO.

Common pitfalls

  • Comparing STA runs with different SPEF or SDC tags.

  • Broad false_path to green-wash violations.

  • Setup-only ECO without hold check.