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Course contents

  • How to Use This Course
  • Reading Path
  • STA Glossary
  • STA Metrics Reference
  • STA Mastery Cheatsheet
  • Timing Paths and Checks16
  • Constraints & SDC Fundamentals20
  • Delay Graph & Path Analysis16
  • Beyond Setup and Hold16
  • Multi-Corner Multi-Mode Signoff16
  • OCV, AOCV, POCV and Variation16
  • Crosstalk and Noise16
  • ECO and Closure16
    • Setup and Hold Closure Order
    • Physical vs Logical ECOs
    • Useful Skew Trade-offs
    • ECO Regression Matrix
  • STA Debug Playbook16
  • STA Interview Prep26
  • Capstone Timing Signoff Lab4
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‹Static Timing Analysis
  1. Topics
  2. Static Timing Analysis
  3. ECO and Closure

Part 8 · ECO and Closure · All levels

ECO and Closure

How timing closure converges, the kinds of ECO and their risk, useful skew, and the regression matrix and dashboard that keep closure honest.

  • 4topics
  • 16lessons

Topics in this section

  1. 1Setup and Hold Closure Order4 lessons
    • Closure Strategy
    • Fixing Hold Safely
    • Fixing Setup
    • Order of Operations
  2. 2Physical vs Logical ECOs4 lessons
    • Cell Swaps and Sizing
    • Buffering and Layers
    • Logical Changes
    • ECO Risk Ladder
  3. 3Useful Skew Trade-offs4 lessons
    • Skew as a Resource
    • Skew Budget Arithmetic
    • Clock Tree Side Effects
    • Signing Off Useful Skew
  4. 4ECO Regression Matrix4 lessons
    • What to Rerun
    • Regression Matrix Design
    • Avoiding Fix Breaks Fix
    • Closure Dashboards

Analysis finds violations; closure removes them. This section is about the removing: why the loop converges and where it stalls, how to fix hold without breaking setup, which kinds of change are cheap and which are risky, how to move slack with useful skew, and how to verify each change without rerunning the world. Every lesson has a runnable example with small, consistent numbers.

Learning path through the ECO and closure section.
Suggested order: the closure loop first, then the kinds of change, then skew, then verification.

The sixteen lessons

Lesson

After it you can...

Closure Strategy

Predict where a closure loop stalls.

Fixing Hold Safely

Fit hold fixes into setup slack.

Fixing Setup

Prefer shared segments.

Order of Operations

Find endpoints delay cannot fix.

Cell Swaps and Sizing

Buy delay at the lowest leakage.

Buffering and Layers

Choose the number of buffers.

Logical Changes

Restructure by arrival time.

ECO Risk Ladder

Match each change to its checks.

Skew as a Resource

Compute the skew window.

Skew Budget Arithmetic

Distribute slack along a pipeline.

Clock Tree Side Effects

Include variation in skew.

Signing Off Useful Skew

Check skew per corner.

What to Rerun

Compute a batch's checks.

Regression Matrix Design

Choose a fast scenario set.

Avoiding Fix Breaks Fix

Batch conflicting ECOs.

Closure Dashboards

Detect a stall.

Suggested order: top to bottom. Previous sections: Crosstalk and Noise, OCV, AOCV, POCV and Variation and Multi-Corner Multi-Mode Signoff.

Tip

Before choosing a fix, ask which rung of the ECO ladder it sits on, and what that rung forces you to rerun.

Check yourself Which invariant governs delay insertion at an endpoint?

Setup slack plus hold slack at the endpoint is unchanged by delay insertion in the same corner: delay trades one for the other one-for-one, but the sum must be checked per scenario because an inserted cell is slower in the slow corner than in the fast one.

Related topics

  • Up: STA course hub

  • Glossary

  • RTL: RTL for Timing

PreviousNext: Setup and Hold Closure Order

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See also

  • How to Use This Course
  • Reading Path
  • STA Glossary