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Course contents

  • Logic Synthesis Glossary
  • Logic Synthesis Cheatsheet
  • Synthesis Foundations14
  • Logic Optimisation and Mapping20
  • Constraints and Timing15
  • Sequential, FSM and Memory19
    • Flops, Resets and Enables
    • FSM Synthesis
    • Memory and Macro Inference
    • Retiming and Pipelining
  • Datapath Synthesis14
  • Area, Power and Test14
  • Verification, ECO and Handoff15
  • Flows and Debugging15
  • Interview and Judgment11
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‹Logic Synthesis
  1. Topics
  2. Logic Synthesis
  3. Sequential, FSM and Memory

Part 4 · Sequential, FSM and Memory · Intermediate

Sequential, FSM and Memory

Flops and resets, FSM synthesis, memory inference, and retiming.

  • 4topics
  • 19lessons

This part covers state after combinational mapping is understood. Flop, reset, and enable idioms decide which library cells are inferred, and FSM style and encoding shape the result. Arrays split into flops or RAM macros, and retiming balances stages while preserving the steady-state output stream.

Learning path through the sequential topics.
Suggested order. Flops first, then FSMs, then memories, then retiming.

The four topics

Topic

Lessons

Description

Time

Flops, Resets and Enables

5

D flops, enables, resets, and how each maps to library cells.

40 min

FSM Synthesis

5

Coding styles, state encoding, and safe recovery from unreachable states.

40 min

Memory and Macro Inference

4

When arrays become flops and when they become RAM macros.

32 min

Retiming and Pipelining

5

Moving registers across logic to balance stages while keeping the steady-state output stream.

40 min

Tip

Name the inferred cell family for every sequential block before mapping: plain flop, enabled flop, async or sync reset. The name predicts area and timing.

Check yourself Why verify reset behaviour separately after retiming?

Retiming moves registers but not reset intent, so a balanced pipeline can still reset wrong. The Retiming and Pipelining topic lists the reset checks.

Interview

Typical screening questions from this part: sync versus async reset trade-offs, binary versus one-hot encoding, flop-versus-macro sizing, and what retiming preserves.

Related topics

  • Up: Logic Synthesis course hub

  • Previous: Constraints and Timing

  • Next: Datapath Synthesis

  • See also: Synthesis Foundations

  • See also: Logic Optimisation and Mapping

  • See also: Area, Power and Test

  • See also: Verification, ECO and Handoff

  • See also: Flows and Debugging

  • See also: Interview and Judgment

PreviousNext: Flops, Resets and Enables

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Up nextFlops, Resets and Enables

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See also

  • Logic Synthesis Glossary
  • Logic Synthesis Cheatsheet
  • Synthesis Foundations