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Course contents

  • How to Use This Course
  • Reading Path
  • CDC/RDC Glossary
  • CDC/RDC Metrics Reference
  • CDC/RDC Interview Prep
  • CDC/RDC Signoff Cheatsheet
  • Clock Domains and Failure Modes8
  • Metastability and Synchronizers16
    • MTBF & Synchronizer Math
    • Two-Flop Synchronizers in Practice
    • Multi-bit CDC Hazards
    • Synchronizer Selection Guide
      • Decision Matrix
      • Slow-to-Fast Crossings
      • Fast-to-Slow Crossings
      • Cost of Each Choice
  • CDC Protocols and Handshakes16
  • Reconvergence and Gray Coding16
  • Reset Domain Crossing16
  • Architecture and Design Rules16
  • CDC Signoff Methodology24
  • RDC Signoff16
  • Debug and Case Studies11
  • CDC and RDC Interview Prep30
  • Capstone: Sign Off a Multi-clock Peripheral4
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‹Metastability and Synchronizers
  1. Topics
  2. CDC & RDC
  3. Metastability and Synchronizers
  4. Synchronizer Selection Guide

Part 2 · Metastability and Synchronizers · All levels

Synchronizer Selection Guide

Choosing a crossing pattern from the signal type and the clock ratio, and what each choice costs.

  • 4topics
  • 4lessons

This topic turns the section's theory into decisions. Given a signal and two clocks, it tells you which pattern to reach for, which direction-specific rules apply, and what each choice costs in latency, throughput, area, and verification.

Lesson

After it you can...

Decision Matrix

Map any crossing type and clock ratio to a pattern and its main hazard.

Slow-to-Fast Crossings

Apply the slow-to-fast rules and examples.

Fast-to-Slow Crossings

Stretch and space fast pulses so none is lost.

Cost of Each Choice

Compare patterns by latency, throughput, area, and verification effort.

Start with the matrix, then read the lesson for your crossing direction, and check the cost table before committing.

Check yourself What are the two inputs to every pattern decision in this topic?

The crossing type (level, pulse, word, counter, stream, configuration, reset) and the clock ratio (slow-to-fast, fast-to-slow, or unknown).

Related topics

  • Safe Patterns Overview

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See also

  • MTBF & Synchronizer Math
  • Two-Flop Synchronizers in Practice
  • Multi-bit CDC Hazards