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Course contents

  • How to Use This Course
  • The NanoSoC Tour
  • Reading Path
  • SoC Glossary10
  • SoC Metrics Reference
  • SoC Cheatsheet
  • What SoC Integration Is12
  • Architecture and Budgets21
  • Memory Maps and Address Decode26
  • Interconnect and Bus Fabrics26
  • Clock and Reset Architecture24
    • Clock Sources and PLLs
    • Dividers, Muxes and Glitch-Free Switching
    • Clock Gating Architecture
    • Clock Domain Planning
      • Choosing Domains and Ratios
      • Phase-Related Versus Asynchronous Signoff
      • Domain Table and Ownership
    • Top-Level Crossings
    • Always-On Domain, Wake Policy and a Timer Extension
    • Reset Sources and Reset Tree
    • Reset Sequencing and Release
  • Power Architecture21
  • Interrupts, DMA and Peripherals15
  • Memories, Boot and Security21
  • IP Integration and Handoff21
  • Top-Level Verification and Bring-up21
  • Package, Pads and I/O18
  • Chip Signoff and Tapeout18
  • SoC Interview Prep16
  • Capstone: Integrate NanoSoC14
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←Clock and Reset Architecture
  1. Topics
  2. SoC Design
  3. Clock and Reset Architecture
  4. Clock Domain Planning

Part 5 of 14Part 5 of 14/Clock and Reset ArchitectureAll levels

Clock Domain Planning

Choosing domains, the 8:4:1 ratios, phase-related versus asynchronous signoff, and the domain table.

  • 3topics
  • 3lessons

Three clocks is a decision, not a coincidence: each domain costs crossings, synchronisers and verification, and each missing domain costs power or performance. This topic plans the NanoSoC domains from scratch, prices the ratios, explains why two clocks from one PLL still sign off as asynchronous, and ends with the table that assigns every block exactly one domain. For finding domains in general see Identifying Domains; for placing boundaries to cut crossings see CDC-Aware Partitioning.

Lesson

After it you can...

Choosing Domains and Ratios

Justify three domains and quote the 8:4:1 ratios with periods.

Phase-Related Versus Asynchronous Signoff

Say why one PLL does not make two clocks synchronous for signoff.

Domain Table and Ownership

Assign every NanoSoC block to its domain and check the assignment.

Suggested order: top to bottom. Choose the domains, then decide how each pair signs off, then write the table that records both. The crossing inventory in the next topic consumes this table directly.

Check yourself A fourth domain at 48 MHz is proposed for the DMA. What two questions decide it?

Which crossings does it add and remove, and does the DMA's traffic justify its own clock? On NanoSoC the DMA shares clk_sys with its memories and bus, so a fourth domain buys little and adds crossings on every stream and register path.

Expect to defend a domain count: name what runs where, why the ratios are integers, and which pairs are asynchronous at signoff. Three justified domains beat five fashionable ones.

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See also

  • Clock Sources and PLLs
  • Dividers, Muxes and Glitch-Free Switching
  • Clock Gating Architecture