Skip to content
DenseChip
Learn
PracticeCode labInterview

DenseChip

Navigate

Menu

LearnPracticeCode labInterview

Tools

All toolsSV editorCode repoResume
DenseChip

Practice, courses, and chip-design tools in one focused workspace.

LearnPracticeCode labInterviewToolsLearning paths

© 2026 DenseChip

AboutContactPrivacyTerms
Skip to lesson

Course contents

  • How to Use This Course
  • Reading Path
  • STA Glossary
  • STA Metrics Reference
  • STA Mastery Cheatsheet
  • Timing Paths and Checks16
  • Constraints & SDC Fundamentals20
  • Delay Graph & Path Analysis16
  • Beyond Setup and Hold16
  • Multi-Corner Multi-Mode Signoff16
  • OCV, AOCV, POCV and Variation16
  • Crosstalk and Noise16
  • ECO and Closure16
  • STA Debug Playbook16
  • STA Interview Prep26
    • STA Whiteboard Framework
    • STA Framework Drills
    • Scenario: MMMC Storm
    • Scenario: ECO Under Pressure
      • The Scenario
      • Investigation
      • Root Cause and Fix
      • How to Narrate It
    • Scenario: Constraint Ghost
    • STA Interview Q&A Bank
    • STA Interview Q&A Bank (Expanded)
  • Capstone Timing Signoff Lab4
Loading lesson

‹Scenario: ECO Under Pressure
  1. Topics
  2. Static Timing Analysis
  3. STA Interview Prep
  4. Scenario: ECO Under Pressure
  5. How to Narrate It

Part 10 · Interview Prep · All levels

How to Narrate It

Say what you know, what you do not, what you will do with the hours you have, and what you refuse to waive and why.

On this page

    A 90-second version

    "A late functional ECO removed a gate level in one cone and added a gate level of new logic on a deeper cone, and the next run showed 214 hold violations in the fast corners and 31 setup violations in the slow corners, with 60 hours to tape-out. I first classified the change: a logic change, so it needs the full verification set including equivalence. Then I screened the hold endpoints by setup-plus-hold slack: 196 fit delay insertion, 18 do not, because delay at the endpoint would trade the hold violation for a setup violation. For those, 12 can take delay on the short branch only, ahead of the point where short and long paths merge, and 6 need the logic restructured to narrow the spread between longest and shortest paths. I would not waive hold: a fast-corner hold failure is a chip failure, and frequency does not fix it. The plan is three batches, each followed by a five-hour fast loop, then two 18-hour full runs: 51 of the 60 hours, with a nine-hour buffer. I will report the 18 structural cases and the schedule to the team now, because they carry the risk."

    Step

    Sentence

    Assumption

    A logic change needs the full set; the violations are real

    Mechanism

    A removed gate level shortened minimum paths (hold); an added gate level lengthened maximum paths elsewhere (setup); delay at the endpoint only trades setup for hold

    Trade-off

    Endpoint delay costs setup slack, short-branch delay costs area, restructuring costs equivalence checking time

    Evidence

    The sum screen, short-branch delay margins per corner, full-run summaries and the equivalence result

    Communicating risk

    • Lead with what you can do, then with what you cannot, then with what you need.

    • Give a number for the risk (18 structural endpoints, 9 spare hours), not a feeling.

    • Name the waiver you refuse and the one thing that would change your mind (evidence that the path cannot occur (a proven false or static path), not evidence that the slack is small).

    example.py
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    plan_hours, left = 51, 60
    spare = left - plan_hours
    structural = 18
    assert spare == 9 and structural == 12 + 6
    message = f"{structural} structural endpoints; {spare} h spare of {left} h"
    assert message == "18 structural endpoints; 9 h spare of 60 h"
    print("PASS:", message)

    Common pitfall

    Saying 'we will try'. A plan with numbers is a commitment you can be held to and a risk others can act on.

    Interview

    When pushed to waive, answer with the evidence you would need and the time it takes, not a flat refusal.

    Check yourself What is the one sentence that makes the refusal to waive defensible?

    A hold violation in the fast corner is not repaired by slowing the clock, so a waiver would ship a failure mode that frequency cannot fix.

    Related topics

    • Root Cause and Fix

    • Next topic: Scenario: Constraint Ghost

    Previous

    168 / 183

    Next: Scenario: Constraint Ghost

    Up next

    Up nextScenario: Constraint Ghost

    Sign in to save progress

    Practice this lessonReport an error

    See also

    • The Scenario
    • Investigation